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-- 作者:admin -- 发布时间:2009/8/21 16:15:23 -- GDI+编程10个基本技巧-.NET教程,评论及其它
gdi+编程10个基本技巧 创建绘图表面 创建绘图表面有两种常用的方法。下面设法得到picturebox的绘图表面。 private void form1_load(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //得到picturebox1的绘图表面 graphics g = this.picturebox1.creategraphics(); } private void picturebox1_paint(object sender, system.windows.forms.painteventargs e) { //得到picturebox1的绘图表面 graphics g = e.graphics; } 可以利用graphics对象绘制出各种图形图案。控件的paint事件和onpaint方法都可以绘图都是好时机。在onpaint方法里绘制图案一定从参数e里面得到graphics属性。下面是两个例子。 protected override void onpaint(painteventargs e) { e.graphics.clear(color.white); float x, y, w, h; x = this.left+2; y = this.top+2; w = this.width-4; h = this.height-4; pen pen = new pen(color.red, 2); e.graphics.drawrectangle(pen, x, y, w, h); base.onpaint (e); } private void pictureboxii_resize(object sender, eventargs e) { this.invalidate(); } private void button1_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics().fillellipse( brushes.blue, 10, 20, 50, 100); } 和文本有关的三个类: fontfamily——定义有着相似的基本设计但在形式上有某些差异的一组字样。无法继承此类。 font——定义特定的文本格式,包括字体、字号和字形属性。无法继承此类。 stringformat——封装文本布局信息(如对齐方式和行距),显示操作(如省略号插入和国家标准 (national) 数字位替换)和 opentype 功能。无法继承此类。 下面的程序显示了一段文字。 private void button2_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.fillrectangle(brushes.white, this.pictureboxii1.clientrectangle); string s = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; fontfamily fm = new fontfamily("??ì?"); font f = new font(fm, 20, fontstyle.bold, graphicsunit.point); rectanglef rectf = new rectanglef(30, 20, 180, 205); stringformat sf = new stringformat(); solidbrush sbrush = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(255, 0, 0, 255)); sf.linealignment = stringalignment.center; sf.formatflags = stringformatflags.directionvertical; g.drawstring(s, f, sbrush, rectf, sf); } gdi+的路径——graphicspath类 graphicspath类提供了一系列属性和方法,利用它可以获取路径上的关键点,可以添加直线段、圆等几何元素。可以获得包围矩形,进行拾取测试。这些功能都怎么用,要仔细看一下。 private void button3_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //绘图表面 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); //填充成白色 g.fillrectangle(brushes.white, this.clientrectangle); //弄一个绘图路径? graphicspath gp = new graphicspath(); //添加一些集合图形 gp.addellipse(20, 20, 300, 200); gp.addpie(50, 100, 300, 100, 45, 200); gp.addrectangle(new rectangle(100, 30, 100, 80)); //在绘图表面上绘制绘图路径 g.drawpath(pens.blue, gp); //平移 g.translatetransform(200, 20); //填充绘图路径? g.fillpath(brushes.greenyellow, gp); gp.dispose(); } 区域——region类 从已有的矩形和路径可以创建region。使用graphics.fillregion方法绘制region。该类指示由矩形和由路径构成的图形形状的内部。无法继承此类。 渐变色填充 需要使用两个刷子: 线性梯度刷子(lineargradientbrush) 路径梯度刷子(pathguadientbrush) private void button4_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //绘图表面 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.fillrectangle(brushes.white, this.pictureboxii1.clientrectangle); //定义一个线性梯度刷子 lineargradientbrush lgbrush = new lineargradientbrush( new point(0, 10), new point(150, 10), color.fromargb(255, 0, 0), color.fromargb(0, 255, 0)); pen pen = new pen(lgbrush); //用线性笔刷梯度效果的笔绘制一条直线段并填充一个矩形 g.drawline(pen, 10, 130, 500, 130); g.fillrectangle(lgbrush, 10, 150, 370, 30); |
-- 作者:admin -- 发布时间:2009/8/21 16:15:46 -- //定义路径并添加一个椭圆 graphicspath gp = new graphicspath(); gp.addellipse(10, 10, 200, 100); //用该路径定义路径梯度刷子 pathgradientbrush brush = new pathgradientbrush(gp); //颜色数组 color[] colors = { color.fromargb(255, 0, 0), color.fromargb(100, 100, 100), color.fromargb(0, 255, 0), color.fromargb(0, 0, 255)}; //定义颜色渐变比率 float[] r = {0.0f, 0.3f, 0.6f, 1.0f}; colorblend blend = new colorblend(); blend.colors = colors; blend.positions = r; brush.interpolationcolors = blend; //在椭圆外填充一个矩形 g.fillrectangle(brush, 0, 0, 210, 110); //用添加了椭圆的路径定义第二个路径梯度刷子 graphicspath gp2 = new graphicspath(); gp2.addellipse(300, 0, 200, 100); pathgradientbrush brush2 = new pathgradientbrush(gp2); //设置中心点位置和颜色 brush2.centerpoint = new pointf(450, 50); brush2.centercolor = color.fromargb(0, 255, 0); //设置边界颜色 color[] color2 = {color.fromargb(255, 0, 0)}; brush2.surroundcolors = color2; //用第二个梯度刷填充椭圆 g.fillellipse(brush2, 300, 0, 200, 100); } gdi+的坐标系统 通用坐标系——用户自定义坐标系。 页面坐标系——虚拟坐标系。 设备坐标系——屏幕坐标系。 当页面坐标系和设备坐标系的单位都是象素时,它们相同。 private void button10_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); this.draw(g); } private void draw(graphics g) { g.drawline(pens.black, 10, 10, 100, 100); g.drawellipse(pens.black, 50, 50, 200, 100); g.drawarc(pens.black, 100, 10, 100, 100, 20, 160); g.drawrectangle(pens.green, 50, 200, 150, 100); } private void button5_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //左移 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); g.translatetransform(-50, 0); this.draw(g); } private void button6_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //右移 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); g.translatetransform(50, 0); this.draw(g); } private void button7_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //旋转 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); g.rotatetransform(-30); this.draw(g); } private void button8_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //放大 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); g.scaletransform(1.2f, 1.2f); this.draw(g); } private void button9_click(object sender, system.eventargs e) { //缩小 graphics g = this.pictureboxii1.creategraphics(); g.clear(color.white); g.scaletransform(0.8f, 0.8f); this.draw(g); } 全局坐标——变换对于绘图表面上的每个图元都会产生影响。通常用于设定通用坐标系。 一下程序将原定移动到控件中心,并且y轴正向朝上。 |
-- 作者:admin -- 发布时间:2009/8/21 16:16:03 -- //先画一个圆 graphics g = e.graphics; g.fillrectangle(brushes.white, this.clientrectangle); g.drawellipse(pens.black, -100, -100, 200, 200); //使y轴正向朝上,必须做相对于x轴镜像 //变换矩阵为[1,0,0,-1,0,0] matrix mat = new matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0); g.transform = mat; rectangle rect = this.clientrectangle; int w = rect.width; int h = rect.height; g.translatetransform(w/2, -h/2); //以原点为中心,做一个半径为100的圆 g.drawellipse(pens.red, -100, -100, 200, 200); g.translatetransform(100, 100); g.drawellipse(pens.green, -100, -100, 200, 200); g.scaletransform(2, 2); g.drawellipse(pens.blue, -100, -100, 200, 200); 局部坐标系——只对某些图形进行变换,而其它图形元素不变。 protected override void onpaint(painteventargs e) { graphics g = e.graphics; //客户区设置为白色 g.fillrectangle(brushes.white, this.clientrectangle); //y轴朝上 matrix mat = new matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0); g.transform = mat; //移动坐标原点到窗体中心 rectangle rect = this.clientrectangle; int w = rect.width; int h = rect.height; g.translatetransform(w/2, -h/2); //在全局坐标下绘制椭圆 g.drawellipse(pens.red, -100, -100, 200, 200); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, -108, 0, 8, 8); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, 100, 0, 8, 8); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, 0, 100, 8, 8); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, 0, -108, 8, 8); //创建一个椭圆然后在局部坐标系中进行变换 graphicspath gp = new graphicspath(); gp.addellipse(-100, -100, 200, 200); matrix mat2 = new matrix(); //平移 mat2.translate(150, 150); //旋转 mat2.rotate(30); gp.transform(mat2); g.drawpath(pens.blue, gp); pointf[] p = gp.pathpoints; g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, p[0].x-2, p[0].y+2, 4, 4); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, p[3].x-2, p[3].y+2, 4, 4); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, p[6].x-4, p[6].y-4, 4, 4); g.fillrectangle(brushes.black, p[9].x-4, p[9].y-4, 4, 4); gp.dispose(); //base.onpaint (e); } alpha混合 color.fromargb()的a就是alpha。alpha的取值范围从0到255。0表示完全透明,255完全不透明。 当前色=前景色×alpha/255+背景色×(255-alpha)/255 protected override void onpaint(painteventargs e) { graphics g = e.graphics; //创建一个填充矩形 solidbrush brush = new solidbrush(color.blueviolet); g.fillrectangle(brush, 180, 70, 200, 150); //创建一个位图,其中两个位图之间有透明效果 bitmap bm1 = new bitmap(200, 100); graphics bg1 = graphics.fromimage(bm1); solidbrush redbrush = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(210, 255, 0, 0)); solidbrush greenbrush = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(210, 0, 255, 0)); bg1.fillrectangle(redbrush, 0, 0, 150, 70); bg1.fillrectangle(greenbrush, 30, 30, 150, 70); g.drawimage(bm1, 100, 100); //创建一个位图,其中两个位图之间没有透明效果 bitmap bm2 = new bitmap(200, 100); graphics bg2 = graphics.fromimage(bm2); bg2.compositingmode = compositingmode.sourcecopy; bg2.fillrectangle(redbrush, 0, 0, 150, 170); bg2.fillrectangle(greenbrush, 30, 30, 150, 70); g.compositingquality = compositingquality.gammacorrected; g.drawimage(bm2, 300, 200); //base.onpaint (e); } 反走样 protected override void onpaint(painteventargs e) { graphics g = e.graphics; //放大8倍 g.scaletransform(8, 8); //没有反走样的图形和文字 draw(g); //设置反走样 g.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias; //右移40 g.translatetransform(40, 0); //再绘制就是反走样之后的了 draw(g); //base.onpaint (e); } private void draw(graphics g) { //绘制图形和文字 g.drawline(pens.gray, 10, 10, 40, 20); g.drawellipse(pens.gray, 20, 20, 30, 10); string s = "反走样测试"; font font = new font("宋体", 5); solidbrush brush = new solidbrush(color.gray); g.drawstring(s, font, brush, 10, 40); } 完了。暂时先总结那么多。以后发现必要的可以再补充。 |